READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

The concept of intelligence

A (i will insert paragraphs here)

B (i will insert paragraphs here)

C (i will insert paragraphs here)

D (i will insert paragraphs here)

E (i will insert paragraphs here)

F (i will insert paragraphs here)

G (i will insert paragraphs here)

H (i will insert paragraphs here)

I (i will insert paragraphs here)

J (i will insert paragraphs here)

READING PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.

Saving bugs to find new drugs

A (i will insert paragraphs here)

B (i will insert paragraphs here)

C (i will insert paragraphs here)

D (i will insert paragraphs here)

E (i will insert paragraphs here)

F (i will insert paragraphs here)

G (i will insert paragraphs here)

H (i will insert paragraphs here)

I (i will insert paragraphs here)

READING PASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

The power of play

(i will insert paragraphs here)

Questions 1-3

Reading Passage 1 has ten sections, A-J.
Which section contains the following information?

1
information about how non-scientists’ assumptions about intelligence influence their behavior towards others
2
a reference to lack of clarity over the definition of intelligence
3
the point that a researcher’s implicit and explicit theories may be very different

Questions 4-6

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?

YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

4
Slow language development in children is likely to prove disappointing to their parents.
5
People’s expectations of what children should gain from education are universal.
6
Scholars may discuss theories without fully understanding each other.

Questions 7-13

Look at the following statements and the list of theories below.
Match each statement with the correct theory, A, B or C.

List of Theories
A Hamiltonian
B Jeffersonian
C Jacksonian
7
It is desirable for the same possibilities to be open to everyone.
8
No section of society should have preferential treatment at the expense of another.
9
People should only gain benefits on the basis of what they actually achieve.
10
Variation in intelligence begins at birth.
11
The more intelligent people should be in positions of power.
12
Everyone can develop the same abilities.
13
People of low intelligence are likely to lead uncontrolled lives.

Questions 14-20

Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs, A-I.
Which paragraph contains the following information?

14
mention of factors driving a renewed interest in natural medicinal compounds.
15
how recent technological advances have made insect research easier
16
examples of animals which use medicinal substances from nature
17
reasons why it is challenging to use insects in drug research
18
reference to how interest in drug research may benefit wildlife
19
a reason why nature-based medicines fell out of favour for a period
20
an example of an insect-derived medicine in use at the moment

Questions 21 and 22

Choose TWO letters, A-E.

Which TWO of the following make insects interesting for drug research?

Questions 23-26

Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Research at Aberystwyth University

Ross Piper and fellow zoologists at Aberystwyth University are using their expertise in 23 when undertaking bioprospecting with insects. They are especially interested in the compounds that insects produce to overpower and preserve their 24. They are also interested in compounds which insects use to protect themselves from pathogenic bacteria and fungi found in their 25. Piper hopes that these substances will be useful in the development of drugs such as 26.

Questions 27-31

Look at the following statements and the list of researchers below.
Match each statement with the correct researcher, A-G.

List of Researchers
A Elkind
B Miller & Almon
C Rubin et al.
D Stuart Brown
E Pellegrini
F Joan Goodman
G Girsch-Pasek et al.
27
Play can be divided into a number of separate categories.
28
Adults’ intended goals affect how they play with children.
29
Combining work with play may be the best way for children to learn.
30
Certain elements of play are more significant than others.
31
Activities can be classified on a scale of playfulness.

Questions 32-36

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?

YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

32
Children need toys in order to play.
33
It is a mistake to treat play and learning as separate types of activities.
34
Play helps children to develop their artistic talents.
35
Researchers have agreed on a definition of play.
36
Work and play differ in terms of whether or not they have a target.

Questions 37-40

Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Guided play

In the simplest form of guided play, an adult contributes to the environment in which the child is playing. Alternatively, an adult can play with a child and develop the play, for instance by 37 the child to investigate different aspects of their game. Adults can help children to learn through play, and may make the activity rather structured, but it should still be based on the child’s 38 to play. Play without the intervention of adults gives children real 39 ; with adults, play can be 40 at particular goals. However, all forms of play should be an opportunity for children to have fun.