READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

Cutty Sark: the fastest sailing ship of all time

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READING PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.

SAVING THE SOIL

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B (i will insert paragraphs here)

C (i will insert paragraphs here)

D (i will insert paragraphs here)

E (i will insert paragraphs here)

F (i will insert paragraphs here)

G (i will insert paragraphs here)

READING PASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

Book Review

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Questions 1-8

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

1
Clippers were originally intended to be used as passenger ships.
2
Cutty Sark was given the name of a character in a poem.
3
The contract between John Willis and Scott & Linton favoured Willis.
4
John Willis wanted Cutty Sark to be the fastest tea clipper travelling between the UK and China.
5
Despite storm damage, Cutty Sark beat Thermopylae back to London.
6
The opening of the Suez Canal meant that steam ships could travel between Britain and China faster than clippers.
7
Steam ships sometimes used the ocean route to travel between London and China.
8
Captain Woodget put Cutty Sark at risk of hitting an iceberg.

Questions 9-13

Complete the sentences below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

9
After 1880, Cutty Sark carried
as its main cargo during its most successful time.
10
As a captain and
, Woodget was very skilled.
11
Ferreira went to Falmouth to repair damage that a
had caused.
12
Between 1923 and 1954, Cutty Sark was used for
.
13
Cutty Sark has twice been damaged by
in the 21st century.

Questions 14-17

Complete the summary below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Why soil degradation could be a disaster for humans

14
Healthy soil contains a large variety of bacteria and other microorganisms, as well as plant remains and
.
15
It provides us with food and also with antibiotics, and its function in storing
has a significant effect on the climate.
16
In addition, it prevents damage to property and infrastructure because it holds
.
17
The main factor contributing to soil degradation is the
carried out by humans.

Questions 18-21

Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-F, below.

A may improve the number and quality of plants growing there.
B may contain data from up to nine countries.
C may not be put back into the soil.
D may help governments to be more aware of soil-related issues.
E may cause damage to different aspects of the environment.
F may be better for use at a global level.

18
Nutrients contained in the unused parts of harvested crops
19
Synthetic fertilisers produced with Haber-Bosch process
20
Addition of a mixture developed by Pius Floris to the soil
21
The idea of zero net soil degradation

Questions 22-26

Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G.
Which section contains the following information?

22
a reference to one person’s motivation for a soil-improvement project
23
an explanation of how soil stayed healthy before the development of farming
24
examples of different ways of collecting information on soil degradation
25
a suggestion for a way of keeping some types of soil safe in the near future
26
a reason why it is difficult to provide an overview of soil degradation

Questions 27-29

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

27
What is the reviewer’s attitude to advocates of positive psychology?
28
The reviewer refers to the Greek philosopher Aristotle in order to suggest that happiness
29
According to Davies, Bentham’s suggestion for linking the price of goods to happiness was significant because

Questions 30-34

Complete the summary using the list of words A-G below.

A measurement
B security
C implementation
D profits
E observation
F communication
G preservation

Jeremy Bentham

30
In the 1970s he suggested a type of technology to improve
for different Government departments.
31
He developed a new way of printing banknotes to increase
.
32
and also designed a method for the
of food.
33
He also drew up plans for a prison which allowed the
of prisoners at al times…
34
When researching happiness, he investigated possibilities for its
.

Questions 35-40

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?

YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

35
One strength of The Happiness Industry is its discussion of the relationship between psychology and economics.
36
It is more difficult to measure some emotions than others.
37
Watson’s ideas on behaviourism were supported by research on humans he carried out before 1915.
38
Watson’s ideas have been most influential on governments outside America.
39
The need for happiness is linked to industrialisation.
40
A main aim of government should be to increase the happiness of the population.