READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

Alexander Henderson (1831-1913)

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READING PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.

Back to the future of skyscraper design

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READING PASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

Why companies should welcome disorder

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Questions 1-8

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

1
Henderson rarely visited the area around Press estate when he was younger.
2
Henderson pursued a business career because it was what his family wanted.
3
Henderson and Notman were surprised by the results of their 1865 experiment.
4
There were many similarities between Henderson’s early landscapes and those of Notman.
5
The studio that Henderson opened in 1866 was close to his home.
6
Henderson gave up portraiture so that he could focus on taking photographs of scenery.
7
When Henderson began work for the Intercolonial Railway, the Montreal to Halifax line had been finished.
8
Henderson’s last work as a photographer was with the Canadian Pacific Railway.

Questions 9-13

Complete the notes below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Alexander Henderson

Early life

  • was born in Scotland in 1831 – father was a 9
  • trained as an accountant, emigrated to Canada in 1855

Start of a photographic career

  • opened up a photographic studio in 1866
  • took photos of city life, but preferred landscape photography
  • people bought Henderson’s photos because photography took up considerable time and the 10 was heavy
  • the photographs Henderson sold were 11 or souvenirs

Travelling as a professional photographer

  • travelled widely in Quebec and Ontario in 1870s and 1880s
  • took many trips along eastern rivers in a 12
  • worked for Canadian railways between 1875 and 1897
  • worked for CPR in 1885 and photographed the 13 and the railway at Rogers Pass

Questions 14-18

Reading Passage 2 has nine sections, A-I.
Which section contains the following information?

14
why some people avoided hospitals in the 19th century
15
a suggestion that the popularity of tall buildings is linked to prestige
16
a comparison between the circulation of air in a 19th-century building and modern standards
17
how Short tested the circulation of air in a 19th-century building
18
an implication that advertising led to the large increase in the use of air conditioning

Questions 19-26

Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Ventilation in 19th-century hospital wards

Professor Alan Short examined the work of John Shaw Billings, who influenced the architectural 19 of hospitals to ensure they had good ventilation. He calculated that 20 in the air coming from patients suffering form 21 would not have harmed other patients. He also found that the air in 22 in hospitals could change as often as in a modern operating theatre. He suggests that energy use could be reduced by locating more patients in 23 areas. A major reason for improving ventilation in 19th-century hospitals was the demand from the 24 for protection against bad air, known as 25. These were blamed for the spread of disease for hundreds of years, including epidemics of 26 in London and Paris in the middle of the 19th century.

Questions 27-34

Reading Passage 3 has eight sections, A-H.
Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.

List of Headings
i Complaints about the impact of a certain approach
ii Fundamental beliefs that are in fact incorrect
iii Early recommendations concerning business activities
iv Organisations that put a new approach into practice
v Companies that have suffered from changing their approach
vi What people are increasingly expected to do
vii How to achieve outcomes that are currently impossible
viii Neither approach guarantees continuous improvement
ix Evidence that a certain approach can have more disadvantages that advantages
27
Section A
28
Section B
29
Section C
30
Section D
31
Section E
32
Section F
33
Section G
34
Section H

Questions 35-37

Complete the sentences below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

35
Numerous training sessions are aimed at people who feel they are not enough.
36
Being organised appeals to people who regard themselves as .
37
Many people feel with aspects of their work.

Questions 38-40

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

38
Both businesses and people aim at order without really considering its value.
39
Innovation is most successful if the people involved have distinct roles.
40
Google was inspired to adopt flexibility by the success of General Electric.