READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

The secret of staying young

(i will insert paragraphs here)

READING PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.

Why zoos are good

A (i will insert paragraphs here)

B (i will insert paragraphs here)

C (i will insert paragraphs here)

D (i will insert paragraphs here)

E (i will insert paragraphs here)

F (i will insert paragraphs here)

READING PASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

(i will insert paragraphs here)

Questions 1-8

Complete the notes below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Ysabel Giraldo’s research

Focused on a total of 1 different age groups of ants, analyzing

Behaviour:

  • how well ants looked after their 2
  • their ability to locate 3 using a scent trail
  • the effect that 4 had on them
  • how 5 they attacked prey

Brains:

  • comparison between age and the 6 of dying cells in the brains of ants
  • condition of synaptic complexes (areas in which 7 meet) in the brain’s ‘mushroom bodies’
  • level of two 8 in the brain associated with ageing

Questions 9-13

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

9
Pheidole dentata ants kept in laboratory conditions tend to live longer lives.
10
Pheidole dentata ants are the only known animals which remain active for almost their whole lives.
11
Ysabel Giraldo was the first person to study Pheidole dentata ants using precise data about the insects’ ages.
12
The ants in Giraldo’s experiments behaved as she had predicted that they would.
13
The recent studies of bees used different methods of measuring age-related decline.

Questions 14-17

Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F.
Which paragraph contains the following information?

14
reasons why animals in zoos may by healthier than those in the wild
15
a reference to how quickly animal species can die out
16
reasons why it is preferable to study animals in captivity rather than in the wild
17
mention of two ways of learning about animals other than visiting them in zoos

Questions 18-22

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

18
An animal is likely to live longer in a zoo than in the wild
19
There are some species in zoos which can no longer be found in the wild.
20
Improvements in the quality of TV wildlife documentaries have resulted in increased numbers of zoo visitors.
21
Zoos have always excelled at transmitting information about animals to the public.
22
Studying animals in zoos is less stressful for the animals than studying them in the wild.

Questions 23 and 24

Choose TWO letters, A-E.

Which TWO of the following are stated about zoo staff in the text?

A
B
C
D
E

Questions 25 and 26

Choose TWO letters, A-E.

Which TWO of these beliefs about zoos does the writer mention in the text?

A
B
C
D
E

Questions 27-33

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

27
Some mussels choose to eat plastic in preference to their natural diet.
28
Rochman and her colleagues were the first people to research the problem of marine debris.
29
The creatures most in danger from ocean trash are certain seabirds.
30
The studies Rochman has reviewed have already proved that populations of some birds will soon become extinct.
31
Rochman analysed papers on the different kinds of danger caused by ocean trash.
32
Most of the research analysed by Rochman and her colleagues was badly designed.
33
One study examined by Rochman was expecting to find that mussels were harmed by eating plastic.

Questions 34-39

Complete the notes below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Findings related to marine debris

Studies of marine debris found the biggest threats were

  • plastic (not metal or wood)
  • bits of debris that were 34 (harmful to animals)

There was little research into 35 e.g. from synthetic fibres.

Drawbacks of the studies examined

  • most of them focused on individual animals, not entire 36
  • the 37 of plastic used in the lab did not always reflect those in the ocean
  • there was insufficient information on
    • numbers of animals which could be affected
    • the impact of a reduction in numbers on the 38 of that species
    • the impact on the ecosystem

Rochman says more information is needed on the possible impact of future 39 (e.g. involving oil).

Question 40

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

40
What would be the best title for this passage?
A
B
C
D