Learn English Key Phrase List

This is a list of everyday situations (scenarios) where you might use the basic English expressions. For each scenario, you’ll see a few example phrases in context. At the end of this page, you’ll find Vocabulary Notes highlighting key points about formality, contractions, and usage, as well as a Free PDF that you can download.

Learn English Key Phrase List for Beginners Intermediate

Meeting Someone for the First Time

Scenario: You’ve just been introduced to a new classmate or colleague.

  1. Hello, I’m James.
  2. Nice to meet you, Sara.
  3. Hi—what’s your name?
  4. Reply: I’m Alex. Nice to meet you too.

Greeting at Different Times of Day

Scenario: You arrive at work or class at various times.

  1. Morning: Good morning!
  2. Afternoon: Good afternoon.
  3. Evening (upon arrival): Good evening.
  4. Night (when leaving or going to bed): Good night.

Note: “Good evening” is a greeting; “Good night” is a farewell before sleeping or when someone departs late.

Small Talk: Asking How Someone Is

Scenario: You bump into a friend in the hallway.

  1. You: Hi, how are you?
  2. Friend: I’m fine, thanks. How about you?
  3. You: I’m great, thank you!

Asking Personal Details

Scenario: You’re getting to know someone new.

  1. What’s your name?
  2. Where are you from?
  3. I’m from Istanbul. Where are you from?

Polite Requests & Excuses

Scenario: You need to interrupt or ask permission.

  1. Excuse me, where is the bathroom?
  2. May I sit here?
  3. If someone lets you by: Thank you very much.

Saying “No” & Apologizing

Scenario: You need to decline an offer or express regret.

  1. No, thank you.
  2. I’m sorry—I can’t make it tonight.
  3. If you accidentally bump into someone: Sorry! or Excuse me.

Expressing Thanks & Responses

Scenario: Someone helps you with directions.

  1. You: Thank you! or stronger, Thank you very much.
  2. Helper: You’re welcome.
  3. You: I really appreciate it.

Parting Ways

Scenario: You’re leaving a gathering or ending a call.

  1. Goodbye!
  2. Bye—see you tomorrow.
  3. Good night! (if it’s late)

Offering Congratulations

Scenario: A friend tells you they passed an exam.

  1. Congratulations on your exam!
  2. Well done—congratulations!

Vocabulary Notes

  • Formality Levels
    • Formal: Good morning, Thank you very much, Excuse me.
    • Neutral: Hello, I’m sorry, You’re welcome.
    • Informal: Hi, Thanks, Cheers (not listed above but common).
  • Contractions & Pronunciation
    • Contractions like I’m, you’re, what’s, can’t make speech flow more naturally.
    • In very formal writing or speeches, you might avoid contractions: I am sorry, You are welcome.
  • Punctuation & Tone
    • An exclamation mark (!) often shows friendliness or enthusiasm: “Thanks!” vs. the slightly more reserved Thanks.
    • A simple period can soften a statement: “No.” can sound firmer than “No, thank you.”
  • Good evening vs. Good night
    • Good evening = hello after sunset.
    • Good night = goodbye before going to sleep or leaving late at night.
  • Using Please
    • Place please at the start (Please pass the salt.) or end (Pass the salt, please.) of a request to sound polite.
  • Cultural Tip
    • In many English‑speaking cultures, it’s polite to always respond to Thank you with You’re welcome or My pleasure.

You can adapt these phrases to your own style—mix and match formality levels, add your name, and practice until they feel natural!

Download PDF
View IELTSZ